Tony Martin
Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the United Negro Improvement Association
Westport: Greenwood Press, 1976
The late nineteenth century saw a collapse of black political power and sovereignty, both in America and in Africa. Contrary to the wishes of far-sighted men such as Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and Abraham Lincoln, freedmen were not given their own territory outside the boundaries of the United States after their emancipation. (more…)