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Tag: Immanuel Kant

  • February 18, 2022 Collin Cleary Print

    Fichte as Avatar of the Metaphysics of Presence

    6,383 words

    1. Introduction: Remind me, why Fichte?

    Readers have been asking me why I am devoting multiple essays to J. G. Fichte, an exceedingly difficult and seldom-read German Idealist born in 1762. The simple answer is that these essays are a continuation of my series on Heidegger’s “history of metaphysics.” Having devoted several essays to Kant, I am continuing with Fichte, then will move on to Schelling and Hegel, and then, finally, to Nietzsche. (more…)

  • January 11, 2022 Collin Cleary 3 comments Print

    Fichte & the Primacy of Practical Reason

    J. G. Fichte meets Immanuel Kant, 1791

    6,194 words

    1. “The circumference of my world is equivalent to the limits of my will.”

    In my last essay, we established that for Fichte self-consciousness is an ultimate fact. We saw via our own experiments in introspection that the “I” — this “presence” that says, in effect “I am” — is not simply a feature of the self, it is the self. (more…)

  • December 30, 2021 Collin Cleary 2 comments Print

    Fichte on Self-Consciousness as the Foundation of All Knowledge

    J. G. Fichte

    4,888 words

    1. Fichte’s Foundationalism

    J. G. Fichte holds that the human self has no intrinsic identity, aside from that which we create for it. He completely rejects the notion that our identity is in any way determined by nature. This is the modern “blank slate” theory pushed to a radical extreme. It is to Fichte that we must look if we wish to find the philosophical origins of current intellectual fashions such as “gender fluidity,” “social construction” of race and gender, and radical egalitarian claims about human perfectibility. (more…)

  • December 17, 2021 Collin Cleary 4 comments Print

    Fichte & the Self-Assertion of the Ego

    6,227 words

    1. Martin Heidegger Reads Fichte

    On June 25, 1929, Heidegger wrote to Karl Jaspers, “At the present moment I am lecturing on Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling for the first time — and once more a new world opens up before me. (more…)

  • June 23, 2021 Collin Cleary 1 comment Print

    Heidegger’s History of Metaphysics, Part Eleven:
    Kant & Will-to-Power

    Wolfgang Lettl, Die Verwandlung, 1977.

    5,630 words

    All essays in this series available here

    1. Introduction: The Identity of Representation and Will

    Everyone with a basic knowledge of the history of philosophy has heard that Kant is the philosopher of moral duty above all else, (more…)

  • June 16, 2021 Collin Cleary Print

    Heidegger’s History of Metaphysics, Part Ten:
    Kant & the Metaphysics of Presence

    1961 West German Bundespost stamp featuring Kant

    6,542 words

    All essays in this series available here

    1. Introduction

    With this, the tenth essay in this series, we have reached a significant milestone. Our journey has taken us from Plato to Kant, and this is the fourth essay on Heidegger’s Kant interpretation. In the last installment, we saw that Kant is struggling to transcend the representationalist paradigm, but that he is inconsistent in this. (more…)

  • June 1, 2021 Collin Cleary 1 comment Print

    Heidegger’s History of Metaphysics, Part Nine:
    Kant & the Perils of Representationalism

    M. C. Escher, Hand with Reflecting Sphere, 1935.

    6,864 words

    All essays in this series available here

    1. Introduction

    My two previous essays introduced readers to Kant’s transcendental idealism and discussed the similarities and differences between Kant’s critique of metaphysics and Heidegger’s. It is now time to begin to consider Heidegger’s critique of Kant, and how Heidegger locates him within his history of metaphysics. (more…)

  • May 25, 2021 Collin Cleary 1 comment Print

    Heidegger’s History of Metaphysics, Part Eight:
    Kant, Heidegger, & the Critique of Metaphysics

    Giacomo Balla, Science Against Obscurantism, 1920

    6,034 words

    Part 1 here, Part 2 here, Part 3 here, Part 4 here, Part 5 here, Part 6 here, Part 7 here

    1. Metaphysics, Natural Science, and Nihilism

    My last essay ended with the observation that there are clear points of convergence between Kant’s thought and Heidegger’s. (more…)

  • May 19, 2021 Collin Cleary 7 comments Print

    Heidegger’s History of Metaphysics, Part Seven:
    Kant’s Transcendental Idealism

    1974 West German Bundespost stamp, commemorating Kant’s 250th birthday

    5,568 words

    Part 1 here, Part 2 here, Part 3 here, Part 4 here, Part 5 here, Part 6 here

    1. Introduction

    In the previous essay in this series, we saw Heidegger claiming that Leibniz “prepares” the completion of the metaphysical tradition, but that it is Nietzsche who actually brings it about. I will devote a future essay to Heidegger’s interpretation of Nietzsche, but we may note here that the completion of metaphysics would have been impossible without Kant, who answers Leibniz and inadvertently prepares the way for Nietzsche. (more…)

  • April 7, 2021 Collin Cleary 14 comments Print

    Heidegger’s History of Metaphysics, Part Six:
    G. W. Leibniz’s Will-to-Power

    G. W. Leibniz Memorial in Leipzig

    7,567 words

    Part 1 here, Part 2 here, Part 3 here, Part 4 here, Part 5 here

    1. Introduction: Leibniz and the Completion of Metaphysics

    Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von Leibniz (1646–1716) is one of the most extraordinary figures in the history of ideas. A true polymath, he was not only a philosopher but a physicist, historian, jurist, diplomat, inventor, and mathematician. (more…)

  • April 6, 2021 Amory Stern 1 comment Print

    Mihai Eminescu:
    Romania’s Morning Star

    4,994 words

    Of peasant ancestry on his father’s side and boasting aristocratic (boyar) maternal roots, the Romanian poet, prose writer, and editorialist Mihai Eminescu (1850-1889) had not put his modest inherited wealth to waste. Educated in the German language since childhood, Eminescu was culturally — if not always geopolitically — an enthusiastic Germanophile. (more…)

  • May 6, 2020 Michael Walker 1 comment Print

    Roger Scruton’s Death-Devoted Heart
    Part Two: The Sacred

    4,445 words

    Why does Scruton not examine the role of Melot in Death-Devoted Heart more closely?

    Tristan und Isolde echoes themes from Romeo and Juliet and Othello, so it is unlikely that Wagner did not have both plays in mind when he composed his opera. The Othello theme is especially clear in the regrets expressed by King Marke that he could not clearly see, just as Othello could not clearly see. Melot, like Iago, faces death if he cannot make good the claim of adultery; (more…)

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